Relational Decomposition When a relation in the relational model is not in appropriate normal form then the decomposition of a relation is…
DBMS Tutorial
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SQL Operator There are various types of SQL operator: SQL Arithmetic Operators Let’s assume ‘variable a’ and ‘variable b’. Here, ‘a’ contains…
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Transforming Relational Expressions The first step of the optimizer says to implement such expressions that are logically equivalent to the given expression.…
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Foreign Key in DBMS A foreign key is different from a super key, candidate key or primary key because a foreign key…
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Materialization in Query Processing In the previous, we took a brief introduction about materialization and how to evaluate multiple operations of an…
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Normalization A large database defined as a single relation may result in data duplication. This repetition of data may result in: Making…
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Relational Model concept Relational model can represent as a table with columns and rows. Each row is known as a tuple. Each…
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SQL SELECT Statement In SQL, the SELECT statement is used to query or retrieve data from a table in the database. The…
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Hash Join Algorithm The Hash Join algorithm is used to perform the natural join or equi join operations. The concept behind the…
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Merge Join Algorithm The merge joins are used for performing natural joins and equi-joins for given relations r and s. We use…