Answer: (b) Packet switching

Explanation: In packet switching, the message is divided into small parts. These small parts of the message are called packets, and each packet has its own source and destination address. Each packet is transmitted forward in the network only on the basis of these addresses.

Answer: (a) Circuit switching

Explanation: Circuit switching is a switching technique in which a point-to-point physical connection is made between two or more devices.

For example: Telephone system, in which sender and receiver are connected by physical connection, such as wire.

Answer: (c) Application-level gateway

Explanation: The proxy server is also known as the application-level gateway. It allows client computers to establish indirect network connections to other networks.

Answer: (c) File server

Explanation: A file server allows LAN users to share the data. It acts as a medium for data transfer. It uses the FTP protocol to transfer information and data.

Answer: 2 * Tfr

Explanation: Total vulnerable time of pure Aloha = 2 * Tfr

Answer: (b) Three

Explanation: SMDS packet consists of three fields: Destination address, Source address, and User data. In this, the destination and source addresses are 8 bytes, while the user data is up to 9188 bytes.

Answer: (c) 1000 Mbps

Explanation: 1000 Mbps is the max data transfer rate for optical fiber cables. It is the fastest among the other kinds of cables like STP and coaxial cables. People are now using optical fiber cables instead of STP for LANs due to their fast data transfer capability.

Answer: (d) Circuit switching

Explanation: POTS stands for Plain-old-telephone-service, and it works on the principle of circuit switching. In this, the analog signal is transmitted by copper wire.

Answer: (c) HDLC

Explanation: HDLC stands for High-level data link control. It is a set of protocols that are used to transmit information from one network to another. It is a bit-oriented protocol that supports both wireless and wired communication.

Answer: (b) Serial line internet protocol

Explanation: SLIP stands for Serial-line-internet-protocol. It is an internet protocol through which a user accesses the internet using a computer modem.

Answer: (b) Output terminal

Explanation: A two-port network is an electrical network consisting of two ports. The first port is used for the input terminal, and the second pair is used for the output terminal.

Answer: (c) Application layer

Explanation: The HTTP application works on the application layer protocol. It is used to transmit messages across the World Wide Web.

Answer: (a) It is a method for performing encryption and decryption

Explanation: A cipher is a method of implementing encryption and decryption of messages traveling in a network. It is used to increase the confidentiality of messages.

Answer: (b) Synchronous Optical Network

Explanation: SONet stands for Synchronous Optical Network. It is used in the telephone system. SONet is a technology that converts signals of different capacities into optical signals.

Answer: (c) 4 layers

Explanation: Sonet consists of 4 layers.

Path layer → Line layer → Section layer → Photonic layer

Answer: (a) Multipath fading

Explanation: Rake receiver is a radio receiver. It is designed to counter the effects of multipath fading. It is most commonly used in CDMA and W-CDMA radio devices, such as wireless LAN devices and mobile phones.

Answer: (d) J / (J + 1)

Explanation: Zigzag code is a type of linear error-correcting code. The formula of high code rate is = J / (J + 1), Where J is the number of Bits per segment.

Answer: (d) n

Explanation: Go back N (ARQ) protocol is a data-link layer protocol that uses sliding window technology. The size of the sender window is N. For example: Go back 8, then the size of the sender window will be 8.

Answer: (b) N = N / (1 + 2a)

Explanation: Go back N (ARQ) protocol is a data link layer protocol that uses sliding window technology. The efficiency of the Go back N ARQ protocol is: N = N / (1 + 2a), Where N is the sender window size.

Answer: (b) 16 bits

Explanation: The size of the destination port is 16 bits in UDP protocol, and it is used to identify the destination port of the data.

Answer: (c) Traceroute

Explanation: Traceroute works by sending packets of data with a reduced time-to-live (TTL) that specifies how many steps (hops) a packet can survive before returning. It finds the exact route taken by each step to arrive at the server and time.

Answer: (c) DNS resolver

Explanation: A DNS client is a device that is set up to send name resolution requests to the DNS server. It is also called the DNS resolver.

Answer: (a) 255 characters

Explanation: A hostname is a label that is assigned to a network-device. A total of 255 characters can be used in an entire hostname. However, each label must be between 1 and 63 characters.

Answer: (d) Checksum

Explanation: When an IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) datagram sends an IP packet by a router, its header checksum needs to be updated as a result of reducing the TTL field.

Answer: (a) It can transmit data at very high speeds

Explanation: DWSM stands for Dense-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing. It is a fiber optic transmission technique in which light wavelengths are used to transmit data. Therefore, it can transmit data at very high speeds.

Answer: (a) Physical address

Explanation: Physical address is also known as MAC address. The physical address is unique because it cannot be changed. This address is stored in the main memory in the system.

Answer: (a) Virtual address

Explanation: The virtual address is also called a logical address, and this address is stored in virtual memory in the system. The length of this address is 32-bit. For example, IP address: 190.10.134.76

Answer: (a) Electronic Data Interchange

Explanation: EDI stands for Electronic-Data-Interchange. It is a communication system in which data is transferred electronically from one computer to another computer.

Answer: (b) 64 kbps

Explanation: The ISDN supports data transfer rates up to 64 kbps. ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system. It is a set of communication standards for digital transmission (e.g., audio, video, and other network-related data).

Answer: (c) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Explanation: ARPANET stands for Advanced-Research-Projects-Agency-Network. It was the world’s first packet-switching network and the first in the world to use the TCP/IP model.

Answer: (a) 8 bytes

Explanation: The size of the UDP header is 64 bits (64 bit means 8 bytes). It is a simple transport layer communication protocol. It has four parameters: Source port, Destination port, Length, and Checksum.

Answer: (a) UDP

Explanation: UDP is a connection-less protocol which means that when data transfer occurs, this protocol does not establish a connection between the sender and the receiver.

Answer: (c) *

Explanation: A wildcard record is a type of resource record that matches one or more subdomains. It is started with a “*”. For example: *.tutoraspire.com

Answer: (d) 100 meters

Explanation: STP is the full name Shielded twisted-pair. This cable is similar to UTP, but it has an extra mesh coating or metal foil, and all the wires are inside it. The maximum length of this wire is 100 meters. If the length is more than 100 meters, then this cable loses its signals. Therefore, this wire is more suitable for small networks such as LANs.

Answer: (b) LAN

Explanation: LAN network is used to connect computers in a small area such as school, office, residence, etc. It is less expensive and very secure.

Answer: (a) IS-95

Explanation: The full name of IS-95 is interim standard 95. It is a second-generation mobile telecommunications standard based on CDMA (code division multiple access). It was developed by Qualcomm.

Answer: (b) It is an application layer protocol

Explanation: IRC stands for Internet relay chat. It is an application layer protocol that is used to communicate over the internet as a text message. It sends messages in real-time.

Answer: (d) None of the these

Explanation: Hub, Switch, and Bridge are networking devices. Therefore, option d is the correct answer.

Answer: (b) Passive hub

Explanation: The passive hub sends the signal forward as it is, so it does not need a power supply.

Answer: (c) Eight

Explanation: The RJ-45 has eight pins of different colors. The four pins have solid colors, and the other four pins have light colors.