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Mapping Constraints

• A mapping constraint is a data constraint that expresses the number of entities to which another entity can be related via a relationship set.
• It is most useful in describing the relationship sets that involve more than two entity sets.
• For binary relationship set R on an entity set A and B, there are four possible mapping cardinalities. These are as follows:
  1. One to one (1:1)
  2. One to many (1:M)
  3. Many to one (M:1)
  4. Many to many (M:M)

One-to-one

In one-to-one mapping, an entity in E1 is associated with at most one entity in E2, and an entity in E2 is associated with at most one entity in E1.

One-to-many

In one-to-many mapping, an entity in E1 is associated with any number of entities in E2, and an entity in E2 is associated with at most one entity in E1.

Many-to-one

In one-to-many mapping, an entity in E1 is associated with at most one entity in E2, and an entity in E2 is associated with any number of entities in E1.

Many-to-many

In many-to-many mapping, an entity in E1 is associated with any number of entities in E2, and an entity in E2 is associated with any number of entities in E1.