Third Normal Form (3NF) A relation will be in 3NF if it is in 2NF and not contain any transitive partial dependency.…
dbms specialization
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Difference between ER Model and Relational Model The E-R Model and Relational Model are two aspects of the Data Model in DBMS…
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Log-Based Recovery The log is a sequence of records. Log of each transaction is maintained in some stable storage so that if…
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Recovery with Concurrent Transaction Whenever more than one transaction is being executed, then the interleaved of logs occur. During recovery, it would…
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SQL DELETE Statement The SQL DELETE statement is used to delete rows from a table. Generally, DELETE statement removes one or more…
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Thomas write Rule Thomas Write Rule provides the guarantee of serializability order for the protocol. It improves the Basic Timestamp Ordering Algorithm.…
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Estimating Query Cost In the previous section, we understood about Query processing steps and evaluation plan. Though a system can create multiple…
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Implementation of Pipelining For implementing a pipeline in order to evaluate multiple operations of the given user query, we need to construct…
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LOSSY OR LOSSLESS DECOMPOSITION (second method) Algorithm: Testing for lossless (nonadditive) join property. Input: A universal relation R, a decomposition D =…
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Reduction of ER diagram to Table The database can be represented using the notations, and these notations can be reduced to a…