Descriptive Statistics in SPSS

The best way to understand a dataset is to calculate descriptive statistics for the variables within the dataset. There are three common…

The Mahalanobis distance is the distance between two points in a multivariate space. It’s often used to find outliers in statistical analyses that involve…

A five number summary is a way to summarize a dataset using the following five values: The minimum The first quartile The median The…

The coefficient of variation is a way to measure how spread out values are in a dataset relative to the mean. It is calculated…

A z-score tells us how many standard deviations away a given value is from the mean. The z-score of a given value is calculated…

An outlier is an observation that lies abnormally far away from other values in a dataset. Outliers can be problematic because they can effect…